Our Revolutionary History

James Armistead Lafayette, born around 1748 in Virginia, was a remarkable figure in the American Revolution whose contributions often remain overlooked. As an enslaved African American, he gained his freedom through dedicated service to the Continental Army and played a pivotal role as a spy for General Marquis de Lafayette. His intelligence and bravery contributed significantly to the American victory over Britain, proving that even in the most difficult circumstances, individuals can have an outsized impact on history.

Armistead’s early life was marked by the harsh realities of slavery. However, in 1781, he was granted permission by his master to serve in the Continental Army. He was assigned to Marquis de Lafayette, a French aristocrat and commander of American forces. Armistead’s mission, however, was far from traditional military service—he became a spy. Operating behind British lines, he was able to infiltrate British headquarters and gather crucial intelligence, particularly about British movements during the Siege of Yorktown. His reports were instrumental in ensuring the success of the American and French forces during this decisive battle, which led to the eventual surrender of General Cornwallis and marked a turning point in the Revolution.

After the war, Armistead petitioned for his freedom, arguing that his service as a spy had helped secure American independence. In 1787, his petition was successful, and he was granted his freedom. Not only did Armistead become one of the few enslaved individuals to receive recognition for his role in the Revolution, but he also took the name "Lafayette" in honor of his commander, Marquis de Lafayette, who had been a supportive ally throughout the war.

Though Armistead’s contributions are often overshadowed by the more famous figures of the Revolution, his work as a spy was crucial to the ultimate success of the American cause. His story reflects the broader narrative of African Americans who, despite the systemic oppression they faced, made significant contributions to the fight for independence. James Armistead Lafayette’s legacy is one of bravery, intelligence, and the pursuit of freedom, offering a powerful reminder of the diverse individuals whose efforts helped shape the United States.

Citations:

1. "James Armistead Lafayette." Biography.com, A&E Television Networks, www.biography.com/person/james-armistead-lafayette.
2. Green, Sean. James Armistead Lafayette: The Spy Who Fought for Freedom. Liberty Press, 2001.
3. "James Armistead Lafayette." National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, www.nps.gov.